The diversion of authorized conventional arms transfers, including small arms, poses a persistent problem for security at all levels, and lies at the heart of the illicit proliferation of arms. States in multilateral forums have repeatedly called for measures to strengthen end use/r control systems to improve their role in preventing diversion. Despite these repeated calls, a global, comprehensive and inclusive dialogue on this issue has yet to be initiated among States. In response to this, UNIDIR in 2016 is implementing a project to promote sub/regional dialogue to enhance shared understanding and cooperation to strengthen end use/r control systems (Phase II). This event provides an opportunity for States and other relevant stakeholders to initiate a dialogue within the ATT framework to identify potential areas, options and avenues for enhancing cooperation, shared understanding, and possible alignment of measures to strengthen end use/r control systems in order to mitigate the risk of conventional arms diversion.